The idea for the electric telegraph was not thought up in a scientific laboratory, but on the deck of a sailing ship called the Scully, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The inventor was Samuel Finley Breese Morse, and in 1832, he was one of the most famous artists in the United States. In 1837, he developed his telegraph idea enough to test it. Morse strung seventeen hundred feet of wire around his room at New York University, where he taught. It worked; his signals travelled from one end of the wire to the other. Therefore, the "telegram" system used lines similar to telephone lines but did not use speech. It was used to send messages from one place to another by using electrical on/off signals, similar to the dots and dashes used in the Morse code. In Nigeria, the telegram was for many years the fastest means of sending and receiving important messages aside the telephone.
Telegraph Technology
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Teleprinter T100
A Teleprinter (Teletypewriter, Teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical typewriter that is used to communicate typed messages from point to point and point to multipoint over a variety of communication channels that range from a simple electrical connection, such as a pair of wires, to the use of radio and microwave as the transmission medium. They could also serve as a command line interface to early mainframe computers and minicomputers, sending typed data to the computer with or without printed output, and printing the response from the computer. The teleprinter consists of a typewriter-like keyboard and a printer, powered by an electric motor. The two devices are coupled to the motor by clutches that are brought into operation automatically when required. A message is sent by typing on the keyboard. The teleprinter has evolved through a series of inventions by a number of engineers, including Royal Earl House, David Edward Hughes, Emile Baudot, Donald Murray, Charles Krum, Edward Kleinschmidt and Frederick G. Creed, between 1846 - 1924. -
Page Teleprinter
A Briton, Mr. Creed introduced the first.Page printing teleprinter in 1927. Earlier teleprinters used the 5-bit Baudot code (also known as ITA2). This limited the character set to 32 codes (25 = 32). One had to use a "FIGS" shift key to type numbers and special characters. Special versions of teleprinters had FIGS characters for specific applications, such as weather symbols for weather reports. Print quality was poor by modern standards. The Baudot code was used asynchronously with start and stop bits: the asynchronous code design was intimately linked with the start-stop electro-mechanical design of teleprinters. (Early systems had used synchronous codes, but were hard to synchronize mechanically). Example of this is the: 5 level (bit) Baudot code page printer. -
Morse Teleprinter Instrument
Morse Teleprinter Instrument or Code is a character encoding that was devised in 1835 by Samuel F. B. Morse, the creator of the electric telegraph. Currently, the most popular use of Morse code is by amateur radio operators, although it is no longer a requirement for amateur licensing in many countries. In the professional field, pilots and air traffic controllers are usually familiar with Morse code and require a basic understanding. -
Teleprinter Siemens and Halske
Siemens Teleprinter Model 100 Ser 1 was created in early 1960s and was used for Telex service. This is an exchange system such as Telex and TWX. These created a real-time circuit between two machines, so that anything typed on one machine appeared at the other end immediately. USA and UK systems had actual telephone dials; German systems did "dialing" via the keyboard.Teleprinter Model 100 Ser 1 (early 1960s) Used for Telex service.Teleprinter Model 100 Ser. 11 Later version with minor changes. -
Teleprinter T1000
LORENZ, the SIEMENS Company was one of the inventors of the German TELEX network. They started production of teleprinters at the end of the 1920's. Siemens T 1000 was created and was in use from 1976 to 1985. It has 5 level (bit) Baudot code page printer speed 50 - 100 baud (switchable) plastic type wheel printing mechanism. The first fully electronic teleprinter, available as ASR, KSR or RO version. There was also the PMOS logic controlled machine from the peak of the TELEX era. -
Teleprinter T1000S
This was an improved version of the model T1000 Siemens. T1000S was in use between 1985 -1990. It also has 5 level (bit) Baudot code page printer - - with speed of 50 to 100 baud (switchable), and has a plastic type wheel printing mechanism. It is available also with monitor and disc-memory. -
Teleprinter T1200BS
This Siemens T1200 was in use between 1986 and 1991. It also has 5 level (bit) Baudot code page printer of between speed 50 to 100 baud (switchable). It has a matrix printer and electronic memory. It is the last ever produced teleprinter model by Siemens. These machines were built in a time where Telefax already replaced the TELEX service. It is available in two main versions.
Telecommunications History
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Post Office Counter
Post office counter is the window of NIPOST or any other postal establishment. Post office counter is where transactions are made.Example (1) Selling of postage stamps (2) Registration of letters, delivery of registered mails, etc. This wooden post office counter dates back to 1852 when postal services were introduced in Lagos by the British Government. -
Sorting Rack
This is a wooden or metallic frame with rectangular pigeon holes for handling of outbound, Inbound and Local correspondences, going to private mail bags and are all separated/ sorted and kept in the rack awaiting final delivery to their respective addresses. This wooden frame was introduced when postal services were introduced to Lagos in 1852 by the British Government. -
511A Letter Scale
The 511A Letter Scale is a low cost mechanical Postal Scale manufactured by Salter in England for use in the mid-20th century. The key features of the scale include angled dial face for easier readability and ribbed letter platform to provide stability for weighing cylindrical parcels. -
Salter 'scale' Improved Dynamometer
This is a 1920's brass faced 'Dynamometer', manufactured by Salter and made in England. It has a cast iron body with four large springs and two large apertures for fixing to the wire guide ropes. It was used to measure the weight of big mail bags and other postal item in the post offices. It was also used to measure the stress or strength on wire ropes on a huge Industrial land crane. The brass face is calibrated in 25lb units to 4500lb and is marked 'Salter Improved Dynamometer'. -
Balance Spring Scale
The Balance Spring Scale apparatus is simply a spring fixed at one end with a hook to attach an object at the other. It works by Hooke's Law, which states that the force needed to extend a spring is proportional to the distance that spring is extended from its rest position. Therefore the scale markings on the spring scale are equally spaced. The first spring balance scale in Britain was made around 1770 by Richard Salter of Bilston, near West Bromwich. -
Post Office Guide
This is a printed item in the form of books sold or given to customers as a guide meant to inform the customers about the types of services offered by the postal service of any country. The post office guide also has the post office box addresses and private mail bags of every individual, private and public companies or organizations in the country. It was put in use in the early 20th century. -
Stamp Album
The stamp album dates back to early 1900s and it Is a book, often loose leafed (to allow for expansion), in which a collection of a postage stamps may be stored and displayed.Albums are the nearly universal means for keeping stamps, used for both beginners and world class collections and it is common to characterise the size of a collection by its number of albums. -
Money Order Paid Journal
A money order paid journal is a paper statement which takes into account all the money order transactions. Money Order is a payment order for a pre-specified amount of money. Because it is required that the funds be prepaid for the amount shown on it, it is a more trusted method of payment than a cheque. The money order system was established by a private firm in Great Britain in 1792. By 1836, the Post Office noted the success and profitability, and it took over the system in 1838. -
Imperial Typewriter
A typewriter is a device that prints letters one at a time on paper using ink when the user presses keys on a keyboard. In 1902, American inventor Hidalgo Moya, arrived in Leicester, carrying his handmade model of what, at the time, he considered a revolutionary design of typewriter. A local businessman, Mr J.G. Chattaway, was persuaded to finance the opening of a small factory in Garton Street, Leicester, where The Moya Typewriter Company could develop, manufacture and market their new machine. The main aim was to produce a workable typewriter that would sell for five guineas. This he achieved but the machine was uneconomical to produce and not very successful. An improved second model was also unsuccessful. By 1908 Moya needed more financial assistance for the company to survive. Two local businessmen stepped in to back a successful third design which became the Imperial Model A, thus the Imperial Typewriter Company came into existence to become one of the world's leading typewriter manufacturers. Different models of the imperial typewriter were manufactured. -
Pitney Bowes
On April 23rd, 1920 Arthur Pitney and Walter Bowes merged to form the Pitney Bowes postage meter Company, with the goal of producing a machine that will combine Pitney s œ double locking counter with Bowe s system for wrapping postage payment, post marking and cancellation. The united States post office approved their postage meter on August 25th, 1920 and between 1922 and 1923 their products began to sell internationally. -
Pitney Bowes Hand Operating Machine
In 1902, Arthur Pitney patented his first "double-locking" hand-cranked postage-stamping machine, and, with patent attorney Eugene A. Rummler, founded the Pitney Postal Machine Company. In 1908, English emigrant and founder of the Universal Stamping Machine Company Walter Bowes began providing stamp-cancelling machines to the United States Postal Service. -
Leather Cash Bag
This is the original leather postal messenger bag. It is oil-tanned leather and it was used by U.S. postal workers to carry mails from 1868 to the 1970s (when they switched over to blue nylon bags). They are hand-oiled, hand-stained, hand-riveted, and sewn in the techniques of old. It was made to get better and better as the years go by. -
Lead Seal Presses
Wax seals have been applied to official and other documents for over a thousand years. The seal-die that is pressed into the sealing wax is called a matrix. Modern discussions of medieval wax seals make references to seal presses. The earliest seal press designed (apparently) to emboss a seal onto paper rather than wax that we have identified was made in 1782. -
Skeleton Date Stamp
This skeleton Date Stamp was used when the previous ˜First Type date stamp had been sent for re-cutting, and was made up from movable letters in a skeleton frame. The date stamp is also known and usually come in 5 basic colours. The skeleton is in fact dated 1st November 1845. But the Skeleton date stamp was suggested as being known between 29th October 1845 and 10th November 1845. -
Felt Stamp
This is commonly found in office supply stores and post offices. They consist of a thick felt base covered with fabric -black, blue, green, red, and purple. The basic supply for any die-hard stamp artist is the stamp and ink. In 1880, B.G. Volger pioneered stamp pads when he poured the gelatin into boxes and covered them with felt. By 1908 he perfected a formula for quick drying, non-smear ink and eliminated the odour. Today there are many different kinds of inks and stamp pads sold in the market among which is the Felt Stamp Pad -- commonly found in office supply stores. -
Rubber Stamping Pad
A stamp pad is the device that has ink for the rubber stamp. Rubber stamps are considered a marking device. Ever since the first person put stamped image to paper, rubber-stamping has gone through thousands of changes and uses. Rubber Stamping Pad was first used in 1866; this was when in 1866, James Orton Woodruff started experimenting with a vulcanizer, trying to make some letter molds, and after his experiments with the 'dental pot', the first quality rubber stamps were created. The first major place to use the stamp was the US Post Office. By the year 1938, the Post Office had over 170,000 rubberstamps to hand cancels the mail. -
Fire Blanket
Before fire extinguishers were invented by George Manby in 1813, fire blankets were used for over 100 years before 1813 to put out small fires. Fire blanket is a safety device designed to extinguish small incipient (starting) fires. It consists of a sheet of fire retardant material which is placed over a fire in order to smother it. Various types of fire blanket are given below;Small fire blankets: such as for use in kitchens and around the home, are usually made of fibreglass and sometimes Kevlar, and are folded in to a quick-release container for ease of storage.Larger fire blankets are for use in laboratory and industrial situations are often made of wool. These blankets are usually mounted in vertical quick-release cabinets so that they can be easily pulled out and wrapped round a person whose clothes are on fire. -
Hurricane Lamp Bulb
Also called tornado lantern is an oil lantern having a glass chimney with a perforated metal lid that permits the egress of air but protects the flame from high winds and used usually on shipboard and to mark outdoor construction projects or outdoor activities . The invention of the Hurricane Lamp dates back to 1780, when Francois-Pierre Aime Argand, son of a Swiss watchmaker, was struck with a bright new idea. He invented an oil lamp with a glass chimney and a control knob. He realized that a cylindrical wick which allowed air to flow both through and around it would produce a brighter light. Whale oil or olive oil was typically used as the fuel for the new lamp. -
Standard Rapid Machine
These are addressing machines used to print names and addresses on newspapers, mailing labels, envelopes, form letters, and other items. The earliest addressing machines appear to have been used by publishers of periodicals, among others. These machines eventually led to a considerable savings in clerical labour for other companies with large mailing lists, such as insurance companies and companies that used direct mail advertising. The earliest known patent for an addressing machine was awarded to a Canadian, Robert Dick, in 1859.
Organisational Structure
The Nigerian Communications Commission's organisational structure is comprised of twenty two (22) departments.
The Executive Vice Chairman (EVC) is the Chief Executive Officer of the Commission, and the most senior executive member of the Board of Commissioners. The office is reported to by the two Executive Commissioners and directly supervises ten (10) departments.
Licensing Documents & Frameworks
Listed below are the Licensing Documents and Frameworks for the various regulated Telecommunications Services in Nigeria.